The WTO is an international organization which arranges international commercial rules and disputes settlements. Increasingly joining of countries to the WTO and movement for freedom of commercial regime in industrial or developing countries are deniable testimonies for globalization. Gradual reduction of tariff and competition in exports and internal markets by their advantages have jeopardizes consequences for industries. These risks are unfair competition by Dumping and subsidized experts productions.In order to preventing this unfair competition, the organization decides to enact some rules i. e. Anti- Dumping agreement of the WTO which is one of the commodities agreement of GATT 1994. This agreement contains measures for preventing unfair competition or facing emergency conditions which usually appointed with countries request in order to protect internal industries.In accordance with this agreement a product dumps when export price, in normal flow of commerce, is lower than production price. If the WTO members in research process obtain below instances, they can apply antiDumping measures:Dumping takes place.Serious interruption in internal industry has occurred.Finding the communication between Dumping and interruption.Although agreement provisions have many affirmative, but it has blank in these points: Concept of Dumping, Export price, preventing fraud evasion, pointing out appeal time.

Background and Aim: This Article deals with the legal solutions to address Dumping in electronic trade. The experiences of different countries as well as the review of the international conventions show that a new move has been emerged to counter Dumping. However, electronic trade as a recent phenomenon has a particular nature. Materials and Methods: The research method in this paper is descriptive-analytical. Ethical Considerations: Ethical considerations regarding the writing of texts as well as references to sources were observed. Findings: This Article examines and analyzes the legal framework in the field of Dumping in the context of electronic trade. In order to present a comprehensive study, this Article also considers comparative aspects of the subject. On this basis, situations where Dumping may occur in electronic trade, the examination of legal provisions in Iran, the legal means to enforce sanctions to protect fair competition in the market, and their comparative study will be addressed. Conclusion: This Article concludes that despite proper laws in Iran, due to the lack of an appropriate framework, effective enforcement of such laws is yet to be achieved.

Marketing techniques and methods of eliminating commercial competitors have attracted considerable attention. One of these techniques is using predatory pricing by which the predator undertakings gain control over a great portion of the market and strike a probably heavy blow to the rivals abroad through supplying products with a lower price than home. In a broad classification, predatory pricing may occur domestically or internationally. The latter is known as Dumping. The most important legal document in this regard in Iran is the "Regulation of Predicting Protective, Compensatory and Anti-Dumping Expedients and Measures for Protection of Domestic Producers" 1386 [2007].Since the mentioned Iranian provisions have not been analyzed by Iranian lawyers yet, the purpose of this study is the comparative review of this Regulation and the Anti-Dumping Agreement in order to discern the deficiencies of the Iranian Regulation in regard to determination of Dumping. Therefore, the main and specific question of this paper is that what are the exact deficiencies of the aforementioned Regulation, as the most important legal document of Iran, in regard to determination of Dumping and what is the solution.Thus, firstly, we will review the main elements of determination of Dumping and after introduction of the key issues, the important deficiencies of the Iranian provision such as determination of the ordinary course of trade, concealment or untrustworthiness of the export price, comparison with regard to the price in the country of origin, simultaneous evaluation of the effects of importation from different countries, the prerequisites of investigation in regard to the quantity of the applicants and the price comparison criterion with respect to quantity of sales, will be illustrated and consequently, this paper shows that the current provisions of Iran concerning the determination of Dumping face serious deficiencies, the elimination of which requires amending the aforementioned Regulation.

One of the major goals in international trade is to provide a level playing field for those who are involved in international trade. In this regard, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has sought to tackle anti-competition measures through its agreements. One of these procedures is known as anti Dumping agreement. In addition, Iran accession to the World Trade Organization is in the center of government attention. Considering the existence of matching condition in the mentioned organization, matching of internal laws to that of the organization is of a great significance. Setting the global rules of trade by World Trade Organization, we are faced with antiDumping agreements beside the organization fundamentals and agreements on confronting unfair Dumping method. Therefore, to join Iran to the World Trade Organization, and apply matching condition, an investigation on the rules related to Dumping in The Republic Islamic of Iran‟ s provisions, and their match to the agreement is of great importance. This research uses an analytical-descriptive approach to explain Dumping rules in World Trade Organization and The Republic Islamic of Iran, and compare them by stating their differences. It also suggests some modifications, and answers the question that if these dissimilarities are obstacles on the way of accession or not.

The Wardha valley coalfields, situated in the western part of India, contribute to more than 7% of the national coal production. The open-pit mining methods are the modes of exploitation of coal in the majority of the mines in the area. Due to the increased depth of working and higher stripping ratio, the output of waste overburden is increased. The challenges are the scarcity of the available land for Dumping waste overburden geo-material safely. Optimization of the mine dump slope geometry is the only available alternative in the hands of the management in order to increase the life of the projects and continue the production of coal. This investigation specifically addresses this issue, and proposes a combination of the optimum geometric configurations of the dump slope. This work utilizes the computational power of the numerical modeling technique in order to solve a large number of alternatives and zero them down to the optimum combination. The numerical modeling is considered as a major external factor that contributes to the mine dump's instability. This work shows an 18% increase in the Dumping waste material volume in the present condition. This investigation also reveals that double Stage Dumping is comparably better in optimizing the dump slope configuration.